Credit Suisse

🔴 High Risk

Credit Suisse, once a pillar of Swiss and global banking, became symbolic of how sustained governance failures, risky business practices, and ethical lapses can erode even the most venerable financial institutions. Its recent history is marred by a series of scandals including spying on employees, facilitating money laundering for drug traffickers, and involvement in high-profile corruption cases like the Mozambique loan scandal. These ongoing crises culminated in a collapse of investor and client confidence, leading to a dramatic liquidity crisis and a government-brokered takeover by UBS in 2023. The fall of Credit Suisse illustrates the dangers of prioritizing short-term profits over prudential risk management and regulatory compliance, severely damaging Switzerland’s reputation as a global financial hub.

Credit Suisse, once a prestigious global Swiss bank, became embroiled in multiple financial scandals involving failures of anti-money laundering controls, corruption, and significant governance lapses. These issues culminated in a liquidity crisis and collapse, leading to a government-brokered acquisition by UBS in March 2023, marking an end of its independent operations. Despite the acquisition, multiple investigations, legal actions, and regulatory scrutiny continue into its past misconduct, with significant penalties imposed on individuals and the institution. The bank’s involvement in high-profile corruption cases, such as the Mozambique loan scandal and laundering cases involving drug trafficking proceeds, has made it a focal point in global financial crime enforcement efforts. The Credit Suisse case highlights the complexities of policing large multinational financial institutions and the importance of robust compliance frameworks in the banking sector.

Country of Incorporation

Switzerland

Headquartered in Zurich, Switzerland, Credit Suisse operated globally with offices in many countries across Europe, Americas, Asia-Pacific, and the Middle East.

Financial Services, Banking

Credit Suisse was a full-service global bank providing investment banking, private banking, and asset management services. Before its acquisition by UBS in 2023, it was a publicly listed company. It was not a shell, front company, or offshore trust, but a major global banking institution. Post-2023, it is part of UBS.

Credit Suisse has been implicated in money laundering cases involving trade-based laundering, layering, and smurfing techniques. One case involved a Bulgarian cocaine trafficking gang laundering money from 2004 to 2008 through inadequate monitoring of accounts, using layering and smurfing (breaking large sums into smaller) to evade anti-money laundering alerts. It has also been linked to other laundering activities through clients involved in drug trafficking, corruption, and other crimes via account relationships worth billions.

As of August 2022, major shareholders included American Harris Associates (over 10%, which later exited by March 2023), Saudi National Bank (10%), and Qatar Investment Authority (about 6.87%). Key individuals involved in investigations include former Credit Suisse executives implicated in corrupt loans and financial crime failings (for example, Andrew Pearse and Surjan Singh were banned over corruption related to Mozambique loans). No public evidence specifically links PEP individuals directly to ownership but high-level scrutiny on executives and managers involved in wrongdoing is evident.

No direct evidence of PEP ownership involvement, but involvement of politically exposed persons may exist via client relations given broad allegations related to corruption and money laundering.

Credit Suisse has appeared in multiple leaks and investigations:

  • Massive leaks revealed accounts worth over 100 billion Swiss francs held by clients involved in serious crimes such as torture, drug trafficking, money laundering, and corruption.

  • Involvement in the Mozambique scandal, where loans arranged by Credit Suisse were tainted by corruption leading to US$475 million global settlements.

  • Prosecution and investigations related to Bulgarian cocaine trafficking money laundering.

  • Regulatory investigations into failures to prevent criminal use of banking services.

  • DOJ investigations regarding Russia sanctions violations after UBS acquired Credit Suisse.

  • Leaks uncovered in Panama Papers and other financial crime and corruption probe databases are mentioned broadly in media reports.

High.

Switzerland is generally low-risk for banking; however, Credit Suisse’s issues related to financial crime, regulatory failures, and high-profile scandals elevate risk related to this entity.

  • 2022 conviction related to failure to prevent money laundering; Credit Suisse fined 2 million Swiss francs with asset confiscations related to a Bulgarian cocaine trafficking gang. Conviction annulled in late 2024 on procedural grounds but case under appeal as of mid-2025.

  • FCA fines exceeding £145 million due to financial crime due diligence failings related to corrupt loans in Mozambique.

  • US investigations and prosecutions of former executives for money laundering and bribery.

  • Swiss FINMA investigations into governance, risk management, and transparency issues surrounding Credit Suisse’s collapse and takeover by UBS.

  • Federal Reserve fined UBS (post-acquisition) $268.5 million related to Archegos losses linked to Credit Suisse.

  • Multiple ongoing regulatory investigations in the US, UK, Switzerland, and EU related to sanctions compliance, governance, and financial misconduct.

  • Several court cases involving shareholder compensation claims dismissed by Swiss courts.

Acquired by UBS in March 2023; under investigation by various regulators; legal appeals ongoing; no longer operational as an independent entity.

  • 1856: Founded as Swiss Credit Institution.

  • 2004-2008: Bulgarian cocaine trafficking gang laundered money through bank accounts.

  • 2019-2020: Internal spying and management scandals; CEO resigns.

  • 2021: Losses from Archegos Capital collapse (~$5.5 billion) and Greensill Capital supply chain funds.

  • July-August 2022: Rumors of impending failure; clients withdraw $119 billion in last quarter.

  • August 2022: Largest shareholder revealed as Harris Associates (over 10%).

  • 2022: Conviction and fine for money laundering failure related to Bulgarian gang.

  • Early 2023: Liquidity crisis; borrowed up to $54 billion from Swiss National Bank.

  • March 2023: Collapse accelerates; Swiss government arranges takeover by UBS for approx. $3 billion.

  • Late 2023 to mid-2025: Multiple regulatory investigations, ongoing lawsuits, appeal of money laundering conviction verdict.

  • 2024-2025: DOJ probes into Russia sanctions related violations; FINMA investigates takeover details and corporate governance failures.

  • 2025: Former executives banned by FCA over corruption; Swiss federal prosecutor appeals acquittal on laundering case.

Layering, Smurfing, Trade-based Laundering, Corrupt Loans

Switzerland, Global (including EU, US, MENA, South America)

High Risk due to regulatory actions and financial scandals

Credit Suisse

Credit Suisse
Country of Registration:
Switzerland
Headquarters:
Zurich, Switzerland
Jurisdiction Risk:
High
Industry/Sector:
Financial Services, Banking
Laundering Method Used:

Trade-based laundering, layering, smurfing, corrupt loans

Linked Individuals:

Former executives banned for corrupt loans and money laundering including Andrew Pearse and Surjan Singh; major shareholders include Harris Associates, Saudi National Bank, Qatar Investment Authority

Known Shell Companies:

No direct shell companies known

Offshore Links:
1
Estimated Amount Laundered:
Over 100 billion Swiss francs in client accounts linked to illicit activities
🔴 High Risk