CREAM Finance Exploit 2021

🔴 High Risk

CREAM Finance, a prominent decentralized finance (DeFi) platform on the Ethereum blockchain, has been repeatedly targeted by sophisticated cyberattacks, culminating in a major exploit in October 2021 that resulted in the theft of over $130 million in cryptocurrency assets. This exploit was notably one of the largest DeFi attacks to date, exposing critical vulnerabilities in the protocol’s lending and price oracle mechanisms. By leveraging flash loan attacks and complex token value manipulation across interconnected DeFi protocols, attackers effectively drained significant liquidity, undermining trust in the platform and highlighting persistent security challenges within decentralized finance. This incident has also intensified regulatory scrutiny of DeFi, emphasizing the urgent need for robust risk management and oversight in rapidly evolving crypto ecosystems.

CREAM Finance, a decentralized lending and borrowing platform on Ethereum, suffered multiple major exploits in 2021 including an October 27 flash loan attack resulting in a loss exceeding $136 million worth of various ERC-20 tokens. The hackers exploited vulnerabilities in token price calculations and lending protocols, borrowing large sums via flash loans then using those assets in complex DeFi yield farming and liquidity pool manipulations to launder and obscure the illicitly obtained funds. Despite partial fund recovery efforts and platform security measures, much of the stolen cryptocurrency remains moved through sophisticated DeFi obfuscation techniques. The case highlights the significant risks of money laundering through decentralized finance environments globally and the ongoing regulatory challenges posed to law enforcement in these borderless digital asset domains.

Countries Involved

Primarily global, centered around the Ethereum blockchain network; the decentralized nature of CREAM Finance means users and attackers are likely international, including notable mentions of addresses linked potentially to multiple jurisdictions.

The major reported exploit took place on October 27-28, 2021.

ERC-20 Tokens (DAI, ETH, crYUSD, yUSDVault tokens, CREAM tokens)

Cryptocurrency theft via exploit/hack; associated money laundering of stolen assets.

CREAM Finance (decentralized finance platform), attacker wallets (multiple identified addresses), and other DeFi protocols involved indirectly (Yearn Finance, Curve).

No direct evidence or reports indicate any Politically Exposed Persons (PEPs) involvement.

The attackers used complex multi-step DeFi financial strategies involving flash loans, deposits into decentralized yield farming vaults (Yearn Finance vaults), liquidity pools (Curve pool), and conversion between different stablecoins to disguise the origins and finalize asset withdraws. This obfuscation, mixing, and layering is typical of laundering tactics in decentralized ecosystems enabling theft proceeds to be hidden, fragmented, and moved across protocols.

The initial theft was over $136 million in crypto assets, not all of which was fully recovered; significant amounts were manipulated through DeFi protocols, indicating large scale laundering.

The attacker borrowed $500 million DAI from MakerDao, swapped and deposited these into Yearn vaults (yDAI, yUSD), manipulated liquidity pools, and engaged in token wrapping and high-frequency transfers to cover traces. Analysis identified two main wallet addresses receiving and then splitting the stolen funds. Some amounts were later “donated” back, voluntarily or otherwise, to mitigate losses.

Post-attack, CREAM Finance locked vulnerable markets and suspended certain token lending/borrowing. They reached out publicly for the return of stolen funds offering bug bounties. Increased regulatory scrutiny on DeFi platforms was noted, with US SEC chairman commenting on potential oversight needs. However, concrete enforcement actions targeting the attackers remain sparse, reflecting challenges in prosecuting cross-border cybercrime and decentralized hacks.

CREAM Finance (DeFi)
Case Title / Operation Name:
CREAM Finance Exploit 2021
Country(s) Involved:
Poland, United States
Platform / Exchange Used:
CREAM Finance (DeFi lending platform), Yearn Finance, Curve, MakerDAO, AAVE
Cryptocurrency Involved:

ERC-20 Tokens (DAI, ETH, crYUSD, yUSDVault tokens, CREAM tokens)

Volume Laundered (USD est.):
Approximately $136 million
Wallet Addresses / TxIDs :
Attacker main address: 0x24354d31bc9d90f62fe5f2454709c32049cf866b; Other addresses involved: 0x921760e7..., 0x70747df6...
Method of Laundering:

Flash loan exploitation, token value manipulation, depositing into and withdrawing from Yearn vaults, stablecoin swapping, liquidity pool manipulation to obscure fund trail

Source of Funds:

Theft from CREAM Finance DeFi protocol via flash loan exploit

Associated Shell Companies:

N/A

PEPs or Individuals Involved:

N/A

Law Enforcement / Regulatory Action:
CREAM suspended vulnerable markets; public call for fund returns with bug bounty incentives; limited law enforcement details due to jurisdictional & crypto challenges
Year of Occurrence:
2021
Ongoing Case:
Ongoing
🔴 High Risk